Geographical location :
Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa, located east of Mozambique.
(i.e. 31,964,968)
nominal, current US$
Note. (constant 2015 US$): ~ USD 545.38
Why Madagascar is considered a “failed / fragile state”.
Madagascar remains structurally fragile, with deep institutional weaknesses and pervasive poverty.
The IMF notes that “low revenue collection, weak public financial management, and limited service delivery capacity” constrain governance and long-term growth. (IMF Country Report No. 23/3, 2023)
According to the World Bank (2024), nearly 80 % of the population lives below the national poverty line, while infrastructure and administrative presence outside the capital remain extremely limited.
(World Bank Madagascar Overview).
High vulnerability to climate disasters — especially cyclones and droughts — combined with low fiscal resilience, recurrent political crises, and demographic pressure create a self-reinforcing cycle of fragility.
