Although Timor-Leste achieved independence in 2002 and has made progress in institution building, many analysts warn of fragility arising from dependency, weak state...
Burkina Faso’s governance and security have been deeply destabilized by repeated coups and a worsening jihadist insurgency.
Afghanistan exemplifies the chronic failure of external state-building efforts. Despite massive international intervention post-2001, the country’s institutions remained dependent and fragile.