Geographical location :
A narrow country in West Africa, bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east, Burkina Faso to the north, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south.
Official languages: French (official);
Ewe, Kabiyé and other indigenous languages widely spoken.
(i.e. 8,921,200)
Nominal,
World Bank Open Data
Note. PPP per capita ~ USD 2,500+
Why Togo might be considered a fragile / partially fragile state.
While Togo is not classically categorized as a failed state, it has several traits of fragility:
Concentration of power:
the Gnassingbé family has ruled for decades (father, son), limiting political alternation and increasing perceptions of weak democratic accountability.
Institutional weakness: many public institutions lack resources, autonomy or capacity; service delivery remains uneven, especially in rural areas.
Dependence on external financing: budget deficits and dependence on foreign aid make the government vulnerable to external shocks.
Governance and human rights issues: restrictions on civil liberties, media freedom, and protests have been periodically reported.
Economic vulnerability: high youth unemployment, reliance on limited export commodities (phosphates, cotton) and exposure to commodity price swings.
