Geographical location :
Landlocked country in West Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the north, Niger to the east, Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire to the south, Guinea and Senegal to the southwest, and Mauritania to the west.
Official languages: French (de facto)
(i.e. 24,478,617)
nominal, current US$
Why Mali is considered a “failed / fragile state”.
Mali exhibits deep fragility driven by multiple, interacting stressors: institutional weakness, violent conflict, climate vulnerability, and economic dependence.
Governance breakdown and recurrent coups have eroded legitimacy and central control. Large parts of the country, especially in the north, are under control (or contested control) of armed groups, limiting state reach.
Economy is weakly diversified: agriculture (rain-fed) is dominant and vulnerable to climate shocks; over 80 % of livelihoods depend on agriculture and pastoralism.
Mali is highly exposed to climatic variability (droughts, flooding) which seriously affects food security and rural incomes.
Public revenue is low, state capacity is limited, and service delivery is poor across much of the territory. The state struggles to maintain infrastructure, health, education and security effectively.
